Multiplication

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Multiplying by 10 and by 2 (doubling) are both simple operations using the Egyptian number system:

Doubling

To double a number all you need to do is write the number twice and then convert every ten of a symbol into one of the next higher symbol.

Multiplying by 10

The Egyptian number system uses symbols to represent each of the powers of 10 from 0 to 6. So to multiply a number by 10 simply change each symbol to one of the next higher symbol:

236 x 10=
6 Units become 6 Tens
3 Tens become 3 Hundreds
2 Hundreds become 2 Thousands
=2 Thousand, 3 Hundred and 6 Tens (Sixty)
=2360

Multiplication

The Ancient Egyptians multiplied two numbers together by using progressive doubling. The blue box shows the Egyptian calculation and the grey box, together with the equation below, explains the method.

Multiplication example

Exercise

Now it's your turn. Here are two multiplications sums. Can you set them out and calculate the solutions using the Ancient Egyptian method?
Hint: Always use the larger number as the number to be doubled.

  1. 53 x 9=Answer
  2. 27 x 18=Answer

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